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The current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving that junction. i 2 + i 3 = i 1 + i 4. This law, also called Kirchhoff's first law, or Kirchhoff's junction rule, states that, for any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node; or equivalently:
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (German: [ˈgʊs.taf ˈkɪʁçhɔf]; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist, chemist and mathematican who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects.
Kirchhoff's laws, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, may refer to: Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electrical engineering; Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation; Kirchhoff equations in fluid dynamics; Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy; Kirchhoff's law of thermochemistry; Kirchhoff's theorem about the number of spanning trees in a graph
This yields Kirchhoff's law: α λ = ε λ {\displaystyle \alpha _{\lambda }=\varepsilon _{\lambda }} By a similar, but more complicated argument, it can be shown that, since black-body radiation is equal in every direction (isotropic), the emissivity and the absorptivity, if they happen to be dependent on direction, must again be equal for any ...
Kirchhoff's current law – Kirchhoff's voltage law. KVL and KCL; Thévenin's theorem – Norton's theorem; History. The use of duality in circuit theory is due to ...
In this formulation, first you go through and create guess values for the flows in the network. The flows are expressed via the volumetric flow rates Q. The initial guesses for the Q values must satisfy the Kirchhoff laws (1). That is, if Q7 enters a junction and Q6 and Q4 leave the same junction, then the initial guess must satisfy Q7 = Q6 + Q4.
Kirchhoff's laws are named after Gustav Kirchhoff and cover thermodynamics, thermochemistry, electrical circuits and spectroscopy (see Kirchhoff's laws (disambiguation)). Kleiber's law: for the vast majority of animals, an animal's metabolic rate scales to the 3⁄4 power of the animal's mass. Named after Max Kleiber.
In fluid dynamics, the Kirchhoff equations, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, describe the motion of a rigid body in an ideal fluid. = + + +, = + +, = (~ +) = ^, = ^ where and are the angular and linear velocity vectors at the point , respectively; ~ is the moment of inertia tensor, is the body's mass; ^ is a unit normal vector to the surface of the body at the point ; is a pressure at this point ...