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In obstetrics a trial of labour is the conduction of spontaneous labour in a moderate degree of cephalopelvic disproportion. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is performed under close observation by an obstetrician in order to assess a woman's chances of a successful vaginal birth. [ 3 ]
Each year, complications from pregnancy and childbirth result in about 500,000 birthing deaths, seven million women have serious long-term problems, and 50 million women giving birth have negative health outcomes following delivery, most of which occur in the developing world. [5]
The limit of viability is the gestational age at which a prematurely born fetus/infant has a 50% chance of long-term survival outside its mother's womb. With the support of neonatal intensive care units, the limit of viability in the developed world has declined since the 1960s. [33] [34]
Gestational age: 3 weeks and 0 days until 3 weeks and 6 days old. 22–28 days from last menstruation. Embryonic age: Week nr 2. 1 week old. 8–14 days from fertilization.
[2] [3] A trial of vaginal birth after C-section may be possible. [2] The World Health Organization recommends that caesarean section be performed only when medically necessary. [3] [4] A C-section typically takes 45 minutes to an hour. [2] It may be done with a spinal block, where the woman is awake, or under general anesthesia. [2]
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman's uterus (womb). [4] [13] A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. [14] Pregnancy usually occurs by sexual intercourse, but can also occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. [6]
Policing the Womb: Invisible Women and the Criminalization of Motherhood is a nonfiction book by American scholar and law professor Michele Goodwin.The book details the criminalization of reproduction in United States and argues for choice movements to expand to a reproductive justice framework.
The active phase of labor, on the other hand, if prolonged, can result in long term complications. [1] It is important that the vital signs of the woman and fetus are being monitored so preventive measures can be taken if prolonged labor begins. Women experiencing prolonged labor should be under supervision of a surgically equipped doctor.