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  2. The Theory of Political Coalitions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Political...

    "In n-person, zero sum games, where side-payments are permitted, where players are rational, and where they have perfect information, only minimum winning coalitions occur." [7] Riker builds on this to form a descriptive statement, or sociological law as he puts it, about the natural world which embodies his size principle. He states this as ...

  3. Advantage gambling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advantage_gambling

    If a "trader" thinks these odds too long he may bet $1000 on the Jets, and should he prove correct and the odds on the Jets get shorter, "lay off" by laying, say, a $1016 bet against the Jets at 1.87. If the Jets win, he collects $900 on his bet on the Jets and pays out approximately $884 on the bet he laid against the Jets.

  4. Spoiler effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoiler_effect

    A spoiler campaign in the United States is often one that cannot realistically win but can still determine the outcome by pulling support from a more competitive candidate. [41] The two major parties in the United States, the Republican Party and Democratic Party , have regularly won 98% of all state and federal seats. [ 42 ]

  5. Spoils system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoils_system

    In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends (), and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party.

  6. Upset (competition) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upset_(competition)

    Leicester City F.C., an Association football Club, won the Premier League in the 2015-16 season despite being 5000-1 underdogs, an example of an upset [1] An upset occurs in a competition, frequently in electoral politics or sports, when the party popularly expected to win (the "favorite") is defeated by (or, in the case of sports, ties with) an underdog whom the majority expects to lose ...

  7. Will the man who inspired Mario's Law win early parole? Why ...

    www.aol.com/man-inspired-marios-law-win...

    Another argues that the state’s position that the law doesn’t apply to juveniles serving more than one sentence for the same act encourages prosecutorial use of “charge stacking” to ...

  8. Government shutdown odds swing wildly on betting markets as ...

    www.aol.com/finance/government-shutdown-odds...

    Another prediction market, Kalshi, puts the odds of a government shutdown this year at 57%, up from 48.5% earlier Friday and just 33% on Thursday. There is no guarantee.

  9. Sweepstake - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweepstake

    Sweepstakes with large grand prizes tend to attract more entries regardless of the odds of winning. Therefore, the value of smaller prizes usually totals much less than that of the top prize. Firms that rely on sweepstakes for attracting customers, such as Publishers Clearing House and Reader's Digest , have also found that the more involved ...