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Overall, they found that females diagnosed with autism or another neurodevelopmental disorder had a greater number of harmful mutations throughout the genome than did males with the same disorders. [20] Women with an extra X chromosome, 47,XXX or triple X syndrome, have autism-like social impairments in 32% of cases. [21]
[24] [25] The ADI-R is a semi-structured parent interview that probes for symptoms of autism by evaluating a child's current behavior and developmental history. The ADOS is a semi-structured interactive evaluation of ASD symptoms that is used to measure social and communication abilities by eliciting several opportunities for spontaneous ...
Autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD), or simply autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder "characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities". [11]
Diseases and disorders SADS Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome: SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome: SB Spina bifida: SBMD Sensory-based motor disorder: SBS Shaken baby syndrome: SC Sydenham chorea: SD Saint Vitus's dance (see Sydenham chorea) SDD Sensory discrimination disorder SDS Sudden death syndrome SHF Systolic heart failure: SIDS
Regressive autism occurs when a child appears to develop typically but then starts to lose speech and social skills and is subsequently diagnosed with ASD. [15] Other terms used to describe regression in children with autism are autism with regression , autistic regression , setback-type autism , and acquired autistic syndrome .
Unusual responses to sensory stimuli are more common and prominent in individuals with autism, and sensory abnormalities are commonly recognized as diagnostic criteria in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as reported in the DSM-5; although there is no good evidence that sensory symptoms differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. [84]
Fragile X syndrome co-occurs with autism in many cases and is a suspected genetic cause of the autism in these cases. [12] [23] This finding has resulted in screening for FMR1 mutation to be considered mandatory in children diagnosed with autism. [12]
A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis found that children with a family history of autoimmune diseases were at a greater risk of autism compared to children without such a history. [107] When an underlying maternal autoimmune disease is present, antibodies circulating to the fetus could contribute to the development of autism spectrum ...