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The middle ear is the portion of the ear medial to the eardrum, and distal to the oval window of the cochlea (of the inner ear). The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), which transfer the vibrations of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear .
The anterior tympanic artery (glaserian artery [citation needed]) is a branch of (the mandibular part of) the maxillary artery. [1] It passes through the petrotympanic fissure [1] [2] to entre the middle ear where it contributes to the formation of the circular anastomosis around the tympanic membrane. [2]
[1]: 414 The recess lodges the head of malleus, and the body of incus. [1]: 416 The mastoid antrum is situated posterior to the recess and opens into the recess at the posterior wall of the recess via the aditus to mastoid antrum. [1]: 416 The ampulla of the lateral semicircular canal creates a prominence upon the medial wall of the recess.
The tensor tympani is a muscle within the middle ear, located in the bony canal above the bony part of the auditory tube, and connects to the malleus bone. Its role is to dampen loud sounds, such as those produced from chewing, shouting, or thunder.
The ligaments of malleus are three ligaments that attach the malleus in the middle ear.They are the anterior, lateral and superior ligaments.. The anterior ligament of the malleus also known as Casserio's ligament [1] is a fibrous band that extends from the neck of the malleus just above its anterior process to the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity close to the petrotympanic fissure.
[citation needed] The roof is formed by the tegmen antri which is a continuation of the tegmen tympani and separates it from the middle cranial fossa. The lateral wall of the antrum is formed by a plate of bone which is an average of 1.5 cm in adults. The mastoid air cell system is a major contributor to middle ear inflammatory diseases. [1]
The outer ear funnels sound vibrations to the eardrum, increasing the sound pressure in the middle frequency range. The middle-ear ossicles further amplify the vibration pressure roughly 20 times. The base of the stapes couples vibrations into the cochlea via the oval window , which vibrates the perilymph liquid (present throughout the inner ...
The aditus to mastoid antrum (otomastoid foramen) is a large, irregular opening [1] upon the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity by which the mastoid antrum (situated posteriorly) communicates with the epitympanic recess of the tympanic cavity (situated anteriorly). [2]