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An enteric coating is a polymer barrier applied to oral medication that prevents its dissolution or disintegration in the gastric environment. [1] This helps by either protecting drugs from the acidity of the stomach, the stomach from the detrimental effects of the drug, or to release the drug after the stomach (usually in the upper tract of the intestine). [2]
Once in the stomach pepsinogen is changed by gastric acid to the digestive enzyme pepsin adding this enzyme to the gastric juice. [5] In humans, the pH of gastric acid is between one and three, much lower than most other animals, but is very similar to that of carrion eating carnivores, needing extra protection from ingesting pathogens. [1] [6]
A volume of 600 m 3 (160,000 US gal) of seawater gives about 1 tonne (2,200 lb) of Mg(OH) 2. Ca(OH) 2 (K sp = 5.02 × 10 −6) [6] is far more soluble than Mg(OH) 2 (K sp = 5.61 × 10 −12) and drastically increases the pH value of seawater from 8.2 to 12.5. The less soluble Mg(OH) 2 precipitates because of the common ion effect due to the OH −
End of second trimester + 2 weeks (26 weeks of pregnancy) The fetus is genetically different from its mother and can therefore be viewed as an unusually successful allograft . [ 53 ] The main reason for this success is increased immune tolerance during pregnancy, [ 54 ] which prevents the mother's body from mounting an immune system response ...
More insulin is needed to overcome this resistance; about 1.5–2.5 times more insulin is produced than in a normal pregnancy. [27] Insulin resistance is a normal phenomenon emerging in the second trimester of pregnancy, which in cases of GDM progresses thereafter to levels seen in a non-pregnant woman with type 2 diabetes.
Hypothyroidism is common in pregnancy with an estimated prevalence of 2-3% and 0.3-0.5% for subclinical and overt hypothyroidism respectively. [8] Endemic iodine deficiency accounts for most hypothyroidism in pregnant women worldwide while chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient parts of the world.