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Either the bolt head or the nut can be torqued. If one has a larger bearing area or coefficient of friction it will require more torque to provide the same target preload. [10] Fasteners should only be torqued if they are fitted in clearance holes. Torque wrenches do not give a direct measurement of the preload in the bolt.
ANSI/NFSI B101.1-2009 was allowed to expire because it's a static coefficient of friction test, which measures how slippery a floor is to someone standing still on it. All static tests, such as ASTM D2047, ASTM C1028, ASTM F1678 and ANSI/NFSI B101.1 have been shown to lack any correlation to real-world floor slip potential. [19]
Floor Area ratio is sometimes called floor space ratio (FSR), floor space index (FSI), site ratio or plot ratio. The difference between FAR and FSI is that the first is a ratio, while the latter is an index. Index numbers are values expressed as a percentage of a single base figure. Thus an FAR of 1.5 is translated as an FSI of 150%.
Poisson's ratio of a material defines the ratio of transverse strain (x direction) to the axial strain (y direction)In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: ν ()) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading.
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
Fanning friction factor for tube flow. This friction factor is one-fourth of the Darcy friction factor, so attention must be paid to note which one of these is meant in the "friction factor" chart or equation consulted. Of the two, the Fanning friction factor is the more commonly used by chemical engineers and those following the British ...
This theory is exact for the situation of an infinite friction coefficient in which case the slip area vanishes, and is approximative for non-vanishing creepages. It does assume Coulomb's friction law, which more or less requires (scrupulously) clean surfaces. This theory is for massive bodies such as the railway wheel-rail contact.
Nikolai Pavlovich Petrov's method of lubrication analysis, which assumes a concentric shaft and bearing, was the first to explain the phenomenon of bearing friction.This method, which ultimately produces the equation known as Petrov's law (or Petroff's law), is useful because it defines groups of relevant dimensionless parameters, and predicts a fairly accurate coefficient of friction, even ...