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  2. Tajwid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajwid

    The history of Quranic recitation is tied to the history of qira'at, as each reciter had their own set of tajwid rules, with much overlap between them.. Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam (774–838 CE) was the first to develop a recorded science for tajwid, giving the rules of tajwid names and putting it into writing in his book called al-Qiraat.

  3. Ahruf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahruf

    The word aḥruf is the plural of paucity of the Arabic word ḥarf, which has multiple meanings. [7] It can refer to the letters that form a word, and the aspects, borders or sides of an object. [7] [8] For this reason, Yasin Dutton suggests the Quran is being described as "linguistically seven-sided".

  4. Qira'at - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qira'at

    Adam Bursi has cautioned that details of reports that diacritics were added at the direction of al-Hajjaj under Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan are a "relatively late development" and that "While ʿAbd al-Malik and/or al-Ḥajjāj do appear to have played a role in the evolution of the qurʾānic text, the initial introduction of diacritics into ...

  5. List of Indian state songs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs

    Arpa Pairi Ke Dhar [7] The Streams of Arpa and Pairi: Chhattisgarhi: Nardenra Dev Verma: 2019 Gujarat: Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat [8] Victory to Proud Gujarat! Gujarati: Narmadashankar Dave: unknown: 2011 Karnataka: Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate [9] Victory to you Mother Karnataka, the Daughter of Mother India! Kannada: Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa ...

  6. Tilawa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilawa

    In the science of tajweed, the qāriʾ needs to know the levels or ranks in which he recites the tilawa, and these four ranks are all mubah or permissible, which are: [7] [8] Tarteel ( Arabic : تَرْتِيلٌ ).

  7. Warsh recitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsh_recitation

    The Warsh recitation or riwāyat Warsh ʿan Nāfiʿ' (Arabic: رواية ورش عن نافع) is a qiraʿah of the Quran in Islam. [1]It is, alongside the Hafs recitation [] tradition which represents the recitation tradition of Kufa, one of the two main oral transmissions of the Quran in the Muslim world.

  8. Muqattaʿat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muqattaʿat

    Muqatta'at occur in Quranic chapters 2–3, 7, 10–15, 19–20, 26–32, 36, 38, 40–46, 50 and 68. Furthermore, the codex of Ubayy ibn Ka'b additionally had Surah 39 begin with Ḥā Mīm, in line with the pattern seen in the next seven surahs. [5] Multiple letters are written together like a word, but each letter is pronounced separately.

  9. Arabic pop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_pop

    Arabic pop music or Arab pop music is a subgenre of pop music and Arabic music. Arabic pop is mainly produced and originated in Cairo , Egypt ; with Beirut , Lebanon , as a secondary center. It is an outgrowth of the Arabic film industry (mainly Egyptian movies), also predominantly located in Cairo.