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Wayfinding placed at Sidewalk which direction placed in London, England. Usually used by pedestrians to find out the direction of the place they are going to visit through the direction and distance from the starting point on the street map. An example of an urban wayfinding scheme is the Legible London Wayfinding system.
Wayfinding (or way-finding) encompasses all of the ways in which people (and animals) orient themselves in physical space and navigate from place to place. Wayfinding software is a self-service computer program that helps users to find a location, usually used indoors and installed on interactive kiosks or smartphones .
An indoor location tracking map on a mobile phone An indoor positioning system ( IPS ) is a network of devices used to locate people or objects where GPS and other satellite technologies lack precision or fail entirely, such as inside multistory buildings, airports, alleys, parking garages, and underground locations.
Kevin Andrew Lynch (January 7, 1918 – April 25, 1984) was an American urban planner and author. He is known for his work on the perceptual form of urban environments and was an early proponent of mental mapping.
Many spatial economic topics can be analyzed within either an urban or regional economics framework as some economic phenomena primarily affect localized urban areas while others are felt over much larger regional areas (McCann 2001:3). Arthur O'Sullivan believes urban economics is divided into six related themes: market forces in the ...
One’s economic position on the income ladder in adulthood is heavily influenced by that of one’s parents. Children born to parents with income on the bottom rung of the ladder are highly likely (42 percent) to also be in the bottom rung in adulthood, while those born to parents on the top rung are very likely to stay at the top (39 percent).
The urban environment creates positive externalities that benefit several different industries. Jane Jacobs is often credited with the idea that urban diversity and a city’s size leads to agglomeration economies. However, Marshall’s (1920) [4] discussion of urban diversity predates her work. [5]
Rather than the definition of distinct urban and suburban economies that evolve and function independently, a metropolitan economy encompasses all interdependent jurisdictions of particular regional clusters.