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[1] [2] Intelligence in the normal range is a polygenic trait, meaning that it is influenced by more than one gene, [3] [4] and in the case of intelligence at least 500 genes. [5] Further, explaining the similarity in IQ of closely related persons requires careful study because environmental factors may be correlated with genetic factors.
Thomas J. Bouchard Jr. (born October 3, 1937) is an American psychologist known for his behavioral genetics studies of twins raised apart. He is professor emeritus of psychology and director of the Minnesota Center for Twin and Adoption Research at the University of Minnesota.
The Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR) is a series of behavioral genetic longitudinal studies of families with twin or adoptive offspring conducted by researchers at the University of Minnesota. [1] It seeks to identify and characterize the genetic and environmental influences on the development of psychological traits.
Twin studies are studies conducted on identical or fraternal twins. They aim to reveal the importance of environmental and genetic influences for traits, phenotypes , and disorders. Twin research is considered a key tool in behavioral genetics and in related fields, from biology to psychology.
A twin study compares the concordance rate of identical twins to that of fraternal twins. This can help suggest whether a disease or a certain trait has a genetic cause. [3] Controversial uses of twin data have looked at concordance rates for homosexuality and intelligence. Other studies have involved looking at the genetic and environmental ...
A second and more common design is the twin study in which the similarity of identical and fraternal twins is used to estimate heritability. These studies can be limited by the fact that identical twins are not completely genetically identical, potentially resulting in an underestimation of heritability.
The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study based at King's College London.The main goal of TEDS is to use behavioural genetic methods to find out how nature and nurture (environments) can explain why people differ with respect to their cognitive abilities, learning abilities and behaviours.
From twin studies is typically estimated at 0 because the correlation between monozygotic twins is at least twice the correlation for dizygotic twins. When using the Falconer variance decomposition ( 1.0 = a 2 + c 2 + e 2 {\displaystyle 1.0=a^{2}+c^{2}+e^{2}} ) this difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twin similarity results in an ...