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Simple mechanism for base-catalyzed aldol reaction of an aldehyde with itself. Base-catalyzed dehydration. Simple mechanism for the dehydration of an aldol product. Although only a catalytic amount of base is required in some cases, the more usual procedure is to use a stoichiometric amount of a strong base such as LDA or NaHMDS. In this case ...
The use of aldehyde in the name comes from its history: aldehydes are more reactive than ketones, so that the reaction was discovered first with them. [2] [3] [4] The aldol reaction is paradigmatic in organic chemistry and one of the most common means of forming carbon–carbon bonds in organic chemistry.
The new pi bond then acts as a nucleophile and attacks the remaining aldehyde in the solution, resulting in the formation of a new C–C bond and regeneration of the base catalyst. In the second part of the reaction, the presence of base leads to elimination of water and formation of a new C–C pi bond.
Common name for alcohol Common name for aldehyde Common name for acid Common name for ketone 1: Meth-Methyl alcohol (wood alcohol) Formaldehyde: Formic acid NA 2: Eth-Ethyl alcohol (grain alcohol) Acetaldehyde: Acetic acid (vinegar) NA 3: Prop-Propyl alcohol: Propionaldehyde: Propionic acid Acetone/dimethyl ketone 4: But-Butyl alcohol ...
If the compound is a natural product or a carboxylic acid, the prefix oxo-may be used to indicate which carbon atom is part of the aldehyde group; for example, CHOCH 2 COOH is named 2-oxoethanoic acid. If replacing the aldehyde group with a carboxyl group (−COOH) would yield a carboxylic acid with a trivial name, the aldehyde may be named by ...
A major factor in determining the reactivity of acyl derivatives is leaving group ability, which is related to acidity. Weak bases are better leaving groups than strong bases; a species with a strong conjugate acid (e.g. hydrochloric acid) will be a better leaving group than a species with a weak conjugate acid (e.g. acetic acid).
The joining of two aldehyde sugars to form a disaccharide removes the −OH from the carboxy group at the aldehyde end of one sugar. The creation of a peptide bond to link two amino acids to make a protein removes the −OH from the carboxy group of one amino acid. [citation needed]
The carbon atom has two additional single bonds. [1] [2] Imines are common in synthetic and naturally occurring compounds and they participate in many reactions. [3] Distinction is sometimes made between aldimines and ketimines, derived from aldehydes and ketones, respectively.