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In geometry, a tiling is a partition of the plane (or any other geometric setting) into closed sets (called tiles), without gaps or overlaps (other than the boundaries of the tiles). [1] A tiling is considered periodic if there exist translations in two independent directions which map the tiling onto itself.
An aperiodic tiling is a non-periodic tiling with the additional property that it does not contain arbitrarily large periodic regions or patches. A set of tile-types (or prototiles) is aperiodic if copies of these tiles can form only non-periodic tilings. The Penrose tilings are a well-known example of aperiodic tilings. [1] [2]
A Penrose tiling with rhombi exhibiting fivefold symmetry. A Penrose tiling is an example of an aperiodic tiling.Here, a tiling is a covering of the plane by non-overlapping polygons or other shapes, and a tiling is aperiodic if it does not contain arbitrarily large periodic regions or patches.
The Ammann–Beenker tilings are closely related to the silver ratio (+) and the Pell numbers.. the substitution scheme ; introduces the ratio as a scaling factor: its matrix is the Pell substitution matrix, and the series of words produced by the substitution have the property that the number of s and s are equal to successive Pell numbers.
The more precise mathematical definition is that there is never translational symmetry in more than n – 1 linearly independent directions, where n is the dimension of the space filled, e.g., the three-dimensional tiling displayed in a quasicrystal may have translational symmetry in two directions.
Nonmetallic material, or in nontechnical terms a nonmetal, refers to materials which are not metals. Depending upon context it is used in slightly different ways. In everyday life it would be a generic term for those materials such as plastics, wood or ceramics which are not typical metals such as the iron alloys used in bridges.
The tiles are colored according to their rotational orientation modulo 60 degrees. [1] (Smith, Myers, Kaplan, and Goodman-Strauss) In plane geometry, the einstein problem asks about the existence of a single prototile that by itself forms an aperiodic set of prototiles; that is, a shape that can tessellate space but only in a nonperiodic way.
1.2 How to use. Toggle the table of contents. Template: Anatomy terms. ... This template may be added to medical articles containing anatomy terminology. How to use.