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[122] [126] High doses or levels of AAS, including testosterone, can cause polycythemia—high red blood cell and/or hemoglobin levels that increase the risk of stroke—as an adverse effect. [ 121 ] [ 122 ] Conversely, whether via castration, NSAA monotherapy, or CAB , decreased erythropoiesis resulting in mild anemia is a common side effect ...
[85] [62] However, in contrast, the effects of the elevated estrogen levels remain unopposed by bicalutamide, and this is importantly involved in the feminizing side effects (e.g., gynecomastia) of the drug in men. [106] Testosterone levels decline with age in men and younger men have higher testosterone levels on average than older men. [107]
Cancer treatments. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause permanent problems with testosterone. ... But it may also cause side effects like skin irritation (particularly with gels), a high ...
Orchiectomy, LHRH analogs and LHRH antagonists can all cause similar side effects, due to changes in the levels of sex hormones (testosterone). [17] A program has been developed for patients and their partners to recognize and manage the more burdensome side effects of androgen deprivation therapy.
[173] [174] In men, a study found that treatment with a relatively low dosage of 20 μg/day ethinylestradiol for 5 weeks increased circulating SHBG levels by 150% and, due to the accompanying decrease free testosterone levels, increased total circulating levels of testosterone by 50% (via reduced negative feedback by androgens on the HPG axis).
Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that is primarily used to treat prostate cancer. [10] It is typically used together with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue or surgical removal of the testicles to treat metastatic prostate cancer (mPC).
Common side effects of testosterone include acne, swelling, and breast enlargement in men. [9] Serious side effects may include liver toxicity, heart disease, and behavioral changes. [9] Women and children who are exposed may develop masculinization. [9] It is recommended that individuals with prostate cancer should not use the medication. [9]
Some treatments and prevention approaches leverage this cause by artificially reducing hormone levels, and thus discouraging hormone-sensitive cancers. Because steroid hormones are powerful drivers of gene expression in certain cancer cells, changing the levels or activity of certain hormones can cause certain cancers to cease growing or even ...