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The age of each other, including the slight age difference, affects whether or not to use honorifics. Korean language speakers in South Korea and North Korea, except in very intimate situations, use different honorifics depending on whether the other person's year of birth is one year or more older, or the same year, or one year or more younger.
Using a kinship term: 언니 (eonni, "older sister" if speaker is female), 누나 (nuna, "older sister" if speaker is male), 오빠 (oppa, "older brother" if speaker is female), 형 (hyeong, "older brother" if speaker is male), 아줌마 (ajumma, "middle-aged woman"), 아주머니 (ajumeoni, also "middle aged woman" but more polite), 아저씨 ...
In North Korean standard Korean (munhwaŏ) it is still used when talking to equals who may be addressed by 동무 dongmu ("comrade"). It is used: [ 3 ] Occasionally among the older generation, by civil servants, police officers, middle management, middle-aged people, and other people of intermediate social rank who have temporary authority over ...
Kinship terminology is the system used in languages to refer to the persons to whom an individual is related through kinship.Different societies classify kinship relations differently and therefore use different systems of kinship terminology; for example, some languages distinguish between consanguine and affinal uncles (i.e. the brothers of one's parents and the husbands of the sisters of ...
The slang noun kkondae was originally used by students and teenagers to refer to older people such as fathers and teachers. [1] Recently, however, the word has been used to refer to a boss or an older person who does so-called kkondae-jil (acting like a kkondae, in the Korean language ), that forces the former's outdated way of thinking onto ...
After years of uncertainty, the Internal Revenue Service finalized rules on Thursday to make clear that people who inherit retirement accounts have 10 years to spend down the funds and, in many ...
Yeonggam or Younggam (Korean: 영감; Hanja: 令監) is a nickname or Korean honorific for an old man [1] in Korea. Yeonggam was historically an honorific title for second-level and third-level civil servants; [2] Vice-Ministers, or Assistant Secretaries [3] of Goryeo and Joseon.
Puzar and Hong relate aegyo to a similar Japanese practice amae and contextualize this behavior in terms of an androcentric patriarchy. They define the similar phenomena of amae as "[when] Women with amae tendencies will depend on others such as parents, husbands, older siblings and even on their superiors at work, seeking attention and protection.