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Fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI) is a type of dye penetrant inspection in which a fluorescent dye is applied to the surface of a non-porous material in order to detect defects that may compromise the integrity or quality of the part in question. FPI is noted for its low cost and simple process, and is used widely in a variety of industries.
Since the linewidth and the free spectral range are independent of frequency, whereas in wavelength space the linewidth cannot be properly defined and the free spectral range depends on wavelength, and since the resonance frequencies scale proportional to frequency, the spectral response of a Fabry–Pérot resonator is naturally analyzed and ...
The free spectral range of a diffraction grating is the largest wavelength range for a given order that does not overlap the same range in an adjacent order. If the ( m + 1)-th order of λ {\displaystyle \lambda } and m -th order of ( λ + Δ λ ) {\displaystyle (\lambda +\Delta \lambda )} lie at the same angle, then
The magnetic lines of force are perpendicular to the direction of the electric current, which may be either alternating current (AC) or some form of direct current (DC) (rectified AC). Indirect magnetization occurs when no electric current is passed through the test object, but a magnetic field is applied from an outside source.
Normal distributions are symmetrical, bell-shaped distributions that are useful in describing real-world data. The standard normal distribution, represented by Z, is the normal distribution having a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
A Formal Public Identifier (FPI) is a short piece of text with a particular structure that may be used to uniquely identify a product, specification or document.FPIs were introduced as part of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), and serve particular purposes in formats historically derived from SGML (HTML and XML).
Calculations of DOF assume that an imperfectly focused "circle of confusion" smaller than 0.20 to 0.25 mm is indistinguishable from perfect focus in an image viewed from a normal distance. [ 7 ] [ 12 ] This is approximately equivalent to 0.03 mm in the case of an image on 35 mm film or FF format.
The images are in many cases chosen to represent natural or typical images that a class of processing techniques would need to deal with. Other test images are chosen because they present a range of challenges to image reconstruction algorithms, such as the reproduction of fine detail and textures, sharp transitions and edges, and uniform regions.