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Red quasars are quasars with optical colors that are redder than normal quasars, thought to be the result of moderate levels of dust extinction within the quasar host galaxy. Infrared surveys have demonstrated that red quasars make up a substantial fraction of the total quasar population.
Quasars, Redshifts and Controversies is a 1987 book by Halton Arp, an astronomer famous for his Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies (1966). [1] Arp argued that many quasars with otherwise high redshift are somehow linked to close objects such as nearby galaxies .
Any quasar with z > 1 is receding faster than c, while z exactly equal to 1 indicates recession at the speed of light. [33] Early attempts to explain superluminal quasars resulted in convoluted explanations with a limit of z = 2.326, or in the extreme z < 2.4. [34] The majority of quasars lie between z = 2 and z = 5.
PKS 0438-436, also known as PKS J0440-4333, is a quasar located in constellation Caelum.With a high redshift of 2.86, [1] the object is located 11.2 billion light-years from Earth [2] and is classified as a blazar due to its flat-spectrum radio source, [3] (in terms of the flux density as (F v ~ V-a) with α < 0.5 and its optical polarization.
The expansion of the universe causes the light from these distant stars and quasars to redshift, so that the total light flux from the sky remains finite. Thus the observed radiation density (the sky brightness of extragalactic background light ) can be independent of finiteness of the universe.
This suggests the quasar is currently undergoing an intense wave of star formations thus increasing its luminosity. [3] A radio jet has also been found on the side of quasar according to a study published in 2023. [5] CCD image of the Cloverleaf quasar taken in March 1988 by the ESO/MPI 2.2m telescope. The four separated images are part of the ...
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The quasar's redshift indicates that it is located about 8 billion light years from Earth, while the lensing galaxy is at a distance of 400 million light years. The apparent dimensions of the entire foreground galaxy are 0.87 × 0.34 arcminutes, [7] while the apparent dimension of the cross in its centre accounts for only 1.6 × 1.6 arcseconds.