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PKCS #7 files may be stored both as raw DER format or as PEM format. PEM format is the same as DER format but wrapped inside Base64 encoding and sandwiched in between ‑‑‑‑‑BEGIN PKCS7‑‑‑‑‑ and ‑‑‑‑‑END PKCS7‑‑‑‑‑. Windows uses the .p7b file name extension [6] for both these encodings.
OpenSSL is a software library for applications that provide secure communications over computer networks against eavesdropping, and identify the party at the other end. It is widely used by Internet servers, including the majority of HTTPS websites. OpenSSL contains an open-source implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols.
The PKCS#10 standard defines syntax, semantics, and binary format for CSRs for use with X.509. It is encoded in ASN.1 with DER format. Here is an example of how you can examine its ASN.1 structure using OpenSSL: openssl asn1parse -i -in your_request.p10. A CSR may be represented as a Base64 encoded PKCS#10; an example of which is given below:
In cryptography, PKCS #8 is a standard syntax for storing private key information. PKCS #8 is one of the family of standards called Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) created by RSA Laboratories.
PKCS #12 files are usually created using OpenSSL, which only supports a single private key from the command line interface. The Java keytool can be used to create multiple "entries" since Java 8, but that may be incompatible with many other systems. [8] As of Java 9 (released 2017-09-21), PKCS #12 is the default keystore format. [9] [10]
Linux, macOS, Windows Anything DasBoot: SubRosaSoft Freeware: No No — macOS macOS dd: Various developers Free software (most vendors) Yes No Unix-like Anything Fedora Media Writer: The Fedora Project: GNU GPL v2: Yes No Linux, macOS, Windows Fedora: GNOME Disks: Gnome disks contributors GPL-2.0-or-later: Yes No Linux Anything LinuxLive USB ...
Most commercial certificate authority (CA) software uses PKCS #11 to access the CA signing key [clarification needed] or to enroll user certificates. Cross-platform software that needs to use smart cards uses PKCS #11, such as Mozilla Firefox and OpenSSL (using an extension). It is also used to access smart cards and HSMs.
PEM data is commonly stored in files with a ".pem" suffix, a ".cer" or ".crt" suffix (for certificates), or a ".key" suffix (for public or private keys). [3] The label inside a PEM file represents the type of the data more accurately than the file suffix, since many different types of data can be saved in a ".pem" file.