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2. Energy conversion efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conversion_efficiency

   An ideal electrolysis unit operating at a temperature of 25 °C having liquid water as the input and gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen as products would require a theoretical minimum input of electrical energy of 237.129 kJ (0.06587 kWh) per gram mol (18.0154 gram) of water consumed and would require 48.701 kJ (0.01353 kWh) per gram mol of ...

3. Water heating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_heating

   An 80 US gal (300 L; 67 imp gal) electric storage tank water heater was able to have a minimum energy factor of 86% under the pre-2015 standard, while under the 2015 standard, the minimum energy factor for an 80-gallon electric storage tank water heater is now 197%, which is only possible with heat pump technology. This rating measures ...

4. Energy factor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_factor

   The energy factor metric only applies to residential water heaters, which are currently defined by fuel, type, and input capacity. [5] Generally, the EF number represents the thermal efficiency of the water heater as a percentage, since it is an average of the ratio of the theoretical heat required to raise the temperature of water drawn to the amount of energy actually consumed by the water ...

5. Thermal efficiency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_efficiency

   An electric resistance heater has a thermal efficiency close to 100%. [8] When comparing heating units, such as a highly efficient electric resistance heater to an 80% efficient natural gas-fuelled furnace, an economic analysis is needed to determine the most cost-effective choice.

6. Electric heating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_heating

   An electric shower or electric shower head are self-heating shower heads that use an immersion heater which is turned on with the flow of water. A group of separate electric heating elements can be switched to offer different heating levels. They are specialized point-of-use tankless water heaters, and are widely used in some countries.

7. Flow distribution in manifolds - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_distribution_in_manifolds

   [4] [5] [6] A generalized model of the flow distribution in channel networks of planar fuel cells. [6] Similar to Ohm's law, the pressure drop is assumed to be proportional to the flow rates. The relationship of pressure drop, flow rate and flow resistance is described as Q 2 = ∆P/R. f = 64/Re for laminar flow where Re is the Reynolds number.