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Warsaw Uprising; Part of Operation Tempest of the Polish Resistance and the Eastern Front of World War II: Clockwise from top left: Civilians construct an anti-tank ditch in Wola district; German anti-tank gun in Theatre Square; Home Army soldier defending a barricade; Ruins of Bielańska Street; Insurgents leave the city ruins after surrendering to German forces; Allied transport planes ...
Ruined Warsaw in January 1945. As the German army retreated during the later stages of the Second World War, many of the urban areas of what is now Poland were severely damaged as a result of military action between the retreating forces of the German Wehrmacht and advancing ones of the Soviet Red Army. Other cities were deliberately destroyed ...
During the German suppression of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, around 70 to 80% of libraries were carefully burned by the Brandkommandos (burning detachments), whose mission was to burn Warsaw. [13] In October 1944 the Załuski Library , the oldest public library in Poland and one of the oldest and most important libraries in Europe (established ...
Map of the Warsaw Uprising: railway line and Warszawa Gdańska railway station separate Żoliborz from the Old Town to the north Colonel Karol Ziemskicodenamed Wachnowski, commander of the Północ Group. August 5, 1944, saw the start of the German counteroffensive against the insurgent forces in Warsaw.
By the end of the Polish Defensive War the Soviet Union had taken over 52.1% of the territory of Poland (circa 200,000 km 2), with over 13,700,000 people.The estimates vary; Professor Elżbieta Trela-Mazur gives the following numbers in regards to the ethnic composition of these areas: 38% Poles (ca. 5.1 million people), 37% Ukrainians, 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans.
The September 25 raid had the aim of breaking Polish morale and forcing a surrender. According to the laws of war in 1939, Warsaw was a defended military target and the Luftwaffe raid could be construed as a legitimate military operation. [7] The Siege of Warsaw accounted for 10% destroyed buildings by late-1939.
Air Offensive Europe: 4 July 1942 – 5 June 1944, from the first American bombing mission over enemy-occupied territory in Europe to the night before D-day; Normandy: 6 June - 24 July 1944, the allied landings in Normandy; Northern France: 25 July - 14 September 1944, from Operation Cobra to the beginning of Operation Market Garden
Warsaw Ghetto wall and footbridge over Chłodna Street in 1942 Corner of Żelazna 70 and Chłodna 23 (looking east). This section of Żelazna street connected the "large ghetto" and "small ghetto" areas of German-occupied Warsaw. The Germans closed the Warsaw Ghetto to the outside world on November 15, 1940. [16]