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Respiratory monitoring, such as: Pulse oximetry which involves measurement of the saturated percentage of oxygen in the blood , referred to as SpO2, and measured by an infrared finger cuff Capnography , which involves CO 2 measurements, referred to as EtCO2 or end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration.
Health assessment has been separated by authors from physical assessment to include the focus on health occurring on a continuum as a fundamental teaching. [8] In the healthcare industry it is understood health occurs on a continuum, so the term used is assessment but may be preference by the speciality's focus such as nursing, physical therapy, etc.
Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be acute or chronic. In clinical trials, the definition of respiratory failure usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing.
To assess the reversibility of a particular condition, a bronchodilator can be administered before performing another round of tests for comparison. This is commonly referred to as a reversibility test , or a post bronchodilator test (Post BD), and is an important part in diagnosing asthma versus COPD.
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". [1] [2] Analyzing the determinants of health of a population and the threats it faces is the basis for public health. [3]
A primary pulmonary lobule is the part of the lung distal to the respiratory bronchiole. [29] Thus, it includes the alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli but not the respiratory bronchioles. [30] The unit described as the secondary pulmonary lobule is the lobule most referred to as the pulmonary lobule or respiratory lobule.
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
The measures quantify either health gaps or health expectancies; the most commonly used health summary measure is the DALY. [ 3 ] [ 13 ] [ 18 ] The exposure-based approach, which measures exposure via pollutant levels, is used to calculate the environmental burden of disease. [ 20 ]