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Interstitial keratitis (IK), also known as Immune Stromal Keratitis (ISK), is an eye disorder characterized by scarring of the cornea due to chronic inflammation of the corneal stroma . "Interstitial" refers to space between cells (i.e. the corneal stroma, which lies between the epithelium and the endothelium).
Corneal opacification is a term used when the human cornea loses its transparency. The term corneal opacity is used particularly for the loss of transparency of cornea due to scarring. Transparency of the cornea is dependent on the uniform diameter and the regular spacing and arrangement of the collagen fibrils within the stroma.
The symptoms of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis are primarily treated with application of an appropriate corticosteroid eye drop, such as prednisolone acetate (Pred Forte) or loteprednol (Lotemax). Loteprednol is increasingly preferred due to its lower risk of elevating intraocular pressure. The corticosteroid suppresses the immune response ...
Usually, the condition is better after a week to 10 days without treatment. [3] Cold compresses and artificial tears may help. [2] Corneal scarring occurs in up to half of cases and the blurred vision may continue for a long time in some people. [2] The virus may remain in the eye for 2–3 years after recovering. [3]
In some cases when the cornea becomes dangerously thin or when sufficient vision can no longer be achieved by contact lenses due to steepening of the cornea, scarring, or lens intolerance, corneal cross-linking is not an option, and a corneal transplant may be required. Keratoconus affects about 1 in 2,000 people.
There are 4 stages of disease, with stage 4 being the rarest and most severe. Stage 1 Cells infiltrate the periphery of the flap, without involving central cornea.; Stage 2 Peripheral cells migrate to the center of the cornea, and impair vision; presentation is usually 2 to 3 days after surgery.
Treatment options include contact lenses and intrastromal corneal ring segments for correcting refractive errors caused by irregular corneal surface, [7] [8] corneal collagen cross-linking to strengthen a weak and ectatic cornea, [9] or corneal transplant for advanced cases.
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis (PUK) is a group of destructive inflammatory diseases involving the peripheral cornea in human eyes. [1] The symptoms of PUK include pain, redness of the eyeball, photophobia, and decreased vision accompanied by distinctive signs of crescent-shaped damage of the cornea.