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Although citrus fruits do not contain tannins, orange-colored juices often contain tannins from food colouring. Apple, grape and berry juices all contain high amounts of tannins. Sometimes tannins are even added to juices and ciders to create a more astringent feel to the taste. [61]
Lentinan fruit body of shiitake (Lentinula edodes mycelium (LEM)) and other edible mushrooms. Fructan. Inulins diverse plants, e.g. topinambour, chicory. Lignin stones of fruits, vegetables (filaments of the garden bean), cereals. Pectins fruit skin (mainly apple and, quince), vegetables.
Cucurbita fruits, including squash and pumpkin, typically have high content of the phytochemical pigments called carotenoids. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants , generally to help them resist fungi, bacteria and plant virus infections, and also consumption by insects and other animals.
Many other foods and beverages may also contain proanthocyanidins, but few attain the levels found in red grape seeds and skins, [6] with a notable exception being aronia, which has the highest recorded level of proanthocyanidins among fruits assessed to date (664 milligrams per 100 g).
Content of anthocyanins in the leaves of colorful plant foods such as purple corn, blueberries, or lingonberries, is about ten times higher than in the edible kernels or fruit. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] The color spectrum of grape berry leaves may be analysed to evaluate the amount of anthocyanins.
When the tannins are metabolized in cattle, the tannic acid produced can cause ulceration and kidney failure. [12] Animals that cache acorns, such as jays and squirrels, may wait to consume some of these acorns until sufficient groundwater has percolated through them to leach out the tannins. Other animals buffer their acorn diet with other foods.
Inside each follicle, about a dozen prismatic seeds develop in a white seed-shell. The nut has a reddish or white color flesh on the inside, and has a sweet and rose-like aroma. [1] Kola nuts contain about 2–4% caffeine and theobromine, [2] as well as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. [3]
Mainly found in the fruit skins and seeds, high levels of polyphenols may reflect only the measured extractable polyphenol (EPP) content of a fruit which may also contain non-extractable polyphenols. Black tea contains high amounts of polyphenol and makes up for 20% of its weight. [20] Concentration can be made by ultrafiltration. [21]