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Like other SI base units, the candela has an operational definition—it is defined by the description of a physical process that will produce one candela of luminous intensity. By definition, if one constructs a light source that emits monochromatic green light with a frequency of 540 THz, and that has a radiant intensity of 1/683 watts per ...
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
The 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) redefined the candela in 2018. [10] [11] The new definition, which took effect on 20 May 2019, is: The candela [...] is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the luminous efficacy of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 Hz, [a] K cd, to be 683 when expressed in the unit lm W −1, which is equal to cd sr W −1 ...
In photometry, luminous flux or luminous power [citation needed] is the measure of the perceived power of light. It differs from radiant flux , the measure of the total power of electromagnetic radiation (including infrared , ultraviolet , and visible light), in that luminous flux is adjusted to reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye ...
Luminosity is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic energy per unit time, and is synonymous with the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In astronomy , luminosity is the total amount of electromagnetic energy emitted per unit of time by a star , galaxy , or other astronomical objects .
In optics, Lambert's cosine law says that the observed radiant intensity or luminous intensity from an ideal diffusely reflecting surface or ideal diffuse radiator is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle θ between the observer's line of sight and the surface normal; I = I 0 cos θ.
"The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10 12 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1 / 683 watt per steradian." 16th CGPM (1979, Resolution 3; CR, 100) The candlepower, which is based on the light emitted from a burning candle of ...
Luminous intensity, a photometric quantity measured in lumens per steradian (lm/sr), or candela (cd) Irradiance, a radiometric quantity, measured in watts per square meter (W/m 2) Intensity (physics), the name for irradiance used in other branches of physics (W/m 2) Radiance, commonly called "intensity" in astronomy and astrophysics (W·sr −1 ...