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Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a progressive, degenerative, [1] genetic disease with multiple types, each of which could be considered a neurological condition in its own right. An estimated 150,000 people in the United States have a diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxia at any given time. SCA is hereditary, progressive, degenerative, and often ...
Ataxia refers to a lack of coordinated muscle movements that include gait abnormality and is the cerebellar sign that typifies all spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types, though individuals with SCA1 also develop pyramidal and bulbar signs as the disease progresses. The average age of onset is between 30 and 40 years of age, though exceptions exist.
The updated version is the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R). [1] The battery helps discern the presence, degree, and type of aphasia. It can provide a baseline for monitoring changes during therapy. It is useful for determining what to treat. It can provide indications of the location of the lesion that caused the aphasia. [2]
The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination provides a comprehensive exploration of a range of communicative abilities. Its results are used to classify patient's language profiles into one of the localization based classifications of aphasia: Broca's, Wernicke's, anomic, conduction, transcortical, transcortical motor, transcortical sensory, and global aphasia syndromes, although the test does ...
Catatonia is a complex syndrome, most commonly seen in people with underlying mood (e.g major depressive disorder) or psychotic disorders (e.g schizophrenia). [2] [3] People with catatonia have abnormal movement and behaviors, which vary from person to person and fluctuate in intensity within a single episode. [4]
The Boston Naming Test (BNT), introduced in 1983 by Edith Kaplan, Harold Goodglass and Sandra Weintraub, is a widely used neuropsychological assessment tool to measure confrontational word retrieval in individuals with aphasia or other language disturbance caused by stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or other dementing disorder. [1]
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder [1] characterized by tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, postural instability (collectively known as parkinsonism), autonomic dysfunction and ataxia.
[10] [11] [12] In the classical Mesulam criteria for primary progressive aphasia, there are two variants: a non-fluent type PNFA and a fluent type SD. [13] [14] A third variant of primary progressive aphasia, LPA was then added, [15] and is an atypical form of Alzheimer's disease. For PNFA, the core criteria for diagnosis include agrammatism ...
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