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Over a field, the free algebra on n indeterminates can be constructed as the tensor algebra on an n-dimensional vector space. For a more general coefficient ring, the same construction works if we take the free module on n generators. The construction of the free algebra on E is functorial in nature and satisfies an appropriate universal property.
An algebraic expression is an expression built up from algebraic constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by a rational number). [41] For example, 3x 2 − 2xy + c is an algebraic expression.
With some exceptions, an expression can only have components that themselves have components of that type. For example, algebraic expressions can only have constants that are themselves algebraic, and finite sums and products in algebraic expressions can only have algebraic arguments. This template expands to a table.
An algebraic equation is an equation involving polynomials, for which algebraic expressions may be solutions. If you restrict your set of constants to be numbers, any algebraic expression can be called an arithmetic expression. However, algebraic expressions can be used on more abstract objects such as in Abstract algebra.
Algebraic notation describes the rules and conventions for writing mathematical expressions, as well as the terminology used for talking about parts of expressions. For example, the expression + has the following components: Algebraic expression notation: 1 – power (exponent) 2 – coefficient 3 – term
However, there is no algebraic expression (that is, in terms of radicals) for the solutions of general quintic equations over the rationals; this statement is known as the Abel–Ruffini theorem, first asserted in 1799 and completely proven in 1824. This result also holds for equations of higher degree.
Algebra is the art of manipulating equations and formulas. Diophantus (3rd century) and al-Khwarizmi (9th century) were the two main precursors of algebra. [27] [28] Diophantus solved some equations involving unknown natural numbers by deducing new relations until he obtained the solution. [29]
Fundamental theorem of algebra – states that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root. This includes polynomials with real coefficients, since every real number is a complex number with an imaginary part equal to zero.
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