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Richard Crawley (26 December 1840 – 30 March 1893) [1] was a Welsh writer and academic, best known for his translation of Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War. [ 2 ] Life
The History explains that the primary cause of the Peloponnesian War was the "growth in power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Sparta" (1.23.6). Thucydides traces the development of Athenian power through the growth of the Athenian empire in the years 479 BC to 432 BC in book one of the History (1.89–118). The legitimacy of the ...
The History of the Peloponnesian War continued to be modified well beyond the end of the war in 404 BC, as exemplified by a reference at Book I.1.13 [38] to the conclusion of the war. [39] After his death, Thucydides's History was subdivided into eight books: its modern title is the History of the Peloponnesian War.
The Second Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), often called simply the Peloponnesian War (Ancient Greek: Πόλεμος τῶν Πελοποννησίων, romanized: Pólemos tō̃n Peloponnēsíōn), was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world.
The debate as recorded by Thucydides provides important insight into Athenian democracy and imperial policy, and reflections upon their development and role in the Peloponnesian War. Cleon's speech reflects the critiques of Athenian democracy which would continue to develop and be employed against Athens by its enemies.
Thucydides' political strength reached its peak in the wake of the First Peloponnesian War and the reorganization of the Athenian empire in the early 440s BC. Thucydides developed a new and effective political tactic by having his supporters sit together in the assembly, increasing their apparent strength and giving them a united voice. [3]
A congress of the Peloponnesian League was subsequently called and formally declared war. [9] [10] Ernst Badian has nevertheless suggested that Thucydides distorted the events. Sthenelaidas' motion put to vote was not for or against war, but on whether Athens had broken the Thirty Years' Peace, which had been concluded in 445 between Athens and ...