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At approximately 11.7 Mly (3.6 Mpc) from the Earth, it makes this group and the Local Group, containing the Milky Way, [28] relative neighbors in the Virgo Supercluster. Gravitational interactions of M81 with M82 and NGC 3077 [29] have stripped hydrogen gas away from all three galaxies, forming gaseous filamentary structures in the group. [29]
Bridges of neutral hydrogen have been shown to connect M81 with M82 and NGC 3077. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Moreover, the interactions have also caused some interstellar gas to fall into the centers of Messier 82 and NGC 3077, which has led to strong starburst activity (or the formation of many stars) within the centers of these two galaxies. [ 5 ]
Messier 82 (also known as NGC 3034, Cigar Galaxy or M82) is a starburst galaxy approximately 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major.It is the second-largest member of the M81 Group, with the D 25 isophotal diameter of 12.52 kiloparsecs (40,800 light-years).
2023: 0.01 Mly Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy: 1994–2023: 0.026 Mly Large Magellanic Cloud: antiquity–1994: 0.163 Mly This is the upper bound, as it is the nearest galaxy observable with the naked eye. [citation needed] Small Magellanic Cloud: 1913–1914: 0.197 Mly This was the first intergalactic distance measured.
0.030 [11] −1.8 [11] 15.6 [11] [NB 1] Local Group: Satellite of Milky Way (accretion by Milky Way) 10 Reticulum II: 0.102 0.0314 [5] −3.1 [5] 14.4 [5] [NB 1] Local Group: Satellite of Milky Way: 378 ly 11 Segue 2: dSph 0.114 0.035 [12] −2.5 [12] Local Group: Satellite of Milky Way, one of the smallest known galaxies 220 ly 12 Carina II: 0 ...
Charles Messier. The first edition of 1774 covered 45 objects (M1 to M45).The total list published by Messier in 1781 contained 103 objects, but the list was expanded through successive additions by other astronomers, motivated by notes in Messier's and Méchain's texts indicating that at least one of them knew of the additional objects.
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SN 2014J was a type-Ia supernova in Messier 82 (the 'Cigar Galaxy', M82) discovered in mid-January 2014. [3] It was the closest type-Ia supernova discovered for 42 years, and no subsequent supernova has been closer as of 2023. The supernova was discovered by chance during an undergraduate teaching session at the University of London Observatory