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The term inanition [2] refers to the symptoms and effects of starvation. Starvation by outside forces is a crime according to international criminal law and may also be used as a means of torture or execution. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hunger is the single gravest threat to the world's public health.
Malnutrition is a category of diseases that includes undernutrition and overnutrition. [14] Undernutrition is a lack of nutrients, which can result in stunted growth, wasting, and underweight. [15] A surplus of nutrients causes overnutrition, which can result in obesity or toxic levels of micronutrients.
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass.
In the field of hunger relief, the term hunger is used in a sense that goes beyond the common desire for food that all humans experience, also known as an appetite. The most extreme form of hunger, when malnutrition is widespread, and when people have started dying of starvation through lack of access to sufficient, nutritious food, leads to a ...
The sensation of hunger typically manifests after only a few hours without eating and is generally considered to be unpleasant. Satiety occurs between 5 and 20 minutes after eating. [1] There are several theories about how the feeling of hunger arises. [2] The desire to eat food, or appetite, is another sensation experienced with regard to ...
Despite the literal translation of anorexia, the feeling of hunger in anorexia nervosa is frequently present and the pathological control of this instinct is a source of satisfaction for the patients. [234] The term "anorexia nervosa" was coined in 1873 by Sir William Gull, one of Queen Victoria's personal physicians. [235]
A woman, man, and child, all dead from starvation during the Russian famine of 1921–1922. A famine is a widespread scarcity of food [1] [2] caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an economic catastrophe or government policies.
The disease burden of treatable childhood diseases in high-mortality, poor countries is 5.2% in terms of disability-adjusted life years but just 0.2% in the case of advanced countries. [56] In addition, infant mortality and maternal mortality are far more prevalent among the poor.