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In 1656, tensions between Protestants and Catholics re-emerged and led to the outbreak of the First War of Villmergen. The Catholics were victorious and able to maintain their political dominance. The Toggenburg War in 1712 was a conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons. According to the Peace of Aarau of 11 August 1712 and the Peace of ...
The 17th century saw Protestant-Catholic tensions rise particularly in Germany leading to the Thirty Years War from 1618 to 1648. This war saw the destruction of much of Central Europe and divided much of the continent along Catholic-Protestant lines. Swedes, Danes, and French were all involved.
The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598.Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy. [1]
Hungary entered the Thirty Years' War; with Royal (Habsburg) Hungary joining the catholic side, and Transylvania joining the Protestant side. There were a series of other successful and unsuccessful anti-Habsburg, i.e. anti-Austrian , (requiring equal rights and freedom for all Christian religions) uprisings between 1604 and 1711; the uprisings ...
Staunch Catholics were shocked by the return of Protestants to the court, but the queen mother, Catherine de' Medici, and her son, Charles IX, were practical in their support of peace and Coligny, as they were conscious of the kingdom's financial difficulties and the Huguenots' strong defensive position: they controlled the fortified towns of ...
The Catholic Archbishop's forces still could not break through the remains of the fortifications, so they crawled through the garderobe sluices [71] (hence the name, Sewer War). Upon taking the fortress, they killed every defender except four, a Captain of the Guard who could prove he was a citizen of Cologne, the son of an important Cologne ...
OpEd: American Catholics and the Quest for Equality in the Civil War Era is an attempt to show how the Catholic majority came to identify with the South and embrace the Lost Cause.
The capture was accompanied by a bloody series of reprisals. [178] Naked corpses of raped women were hanged from trees, and pages of the gospel were stuffed into the mouths of the dead. [230] The violence was largely undertaken irrespective of religion, the Papal army butchering both Catholics and Protestants. [131]