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Hypothyroidism can also cause chronic constipation because of sluggish, slower, or weaker colon contractions. Iron supplements or increased blood calcium levels are also potential causes. Spinal cord injury is a common cause of constipation, due to ileus. [citation needed]
The exact cause is unclear and the condition is not fully understood. [3] There are thought to be multiple factors which simultaneously cause the condition. [3] Long term injury to the rectal mucosa and ischemic trauma (restriction in blood supply and oxygen to tissues) are thought to be the main mechanisms. [5]
The key to management and prognosis is identifying the cause or causes of the underlying constipation. Patients should be encouraged to increase fiber , fluids , and fruits in their habits. Osmotic and stimulant laxatives can also be considered to aid patients if they have trouble making the necessary changes to their diet.
Constipation is the most common chronic gastrointestinal disorder in adults. Depending on the definition employed, it occurs in 2% to 20% of the population. [18] [58] It is more common in women, the elderly and children. [58] Specifically constipation with no known cause affects females more often affected than males. [59]
Chronic wound pain is a condition described as unremitting, disabling, and recalcitrant pain experienced by individuals with various types of chronic wounds. [1] Chronic wounds such as venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and malignant wounds can have an enormous impact on an individual’s quality of life with pain being one of the most distressing symptoms.
Symptoms of intestinal ischemia vary and can be acute (especially if embolic), [11] subacute, or chronic. [12] Case series report prevalence of clinical findings and provide the best available, yet biased, estimate of the sensitivity of clinical findings. [13] [14] In a series of 58 patients with intestinal ischemia due to mixed causes: [14]
Depending on the level of obstruction, bowel obstruction can present with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and constipation.Bowel obstruction may be complicated by dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities due to vomiting; respiratory compromise from pressure on the diaphragm by a distended abdomen, or aspiration of vomitus; bowel ischemia or perforation from prolonged distension or ...
A wound is any disruption of or damage to living tissue, such as skin, mucous membranes, or organs. [1] [2] Wounds can either be the sudden result of direct trauma (mechanical, thermal, chemical), or can develop slowly over time due to underlying disease processes such as diabetes mellitus, venous/arterial insufficiency, or immunologic disease. [3]