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Basal eudicot is an informal name for a paraphyletic group. The core eudicots are a monophyletic group. [11] A 2010 study suggested the core eudicots can be divided into two clades, Gunnerales and a clade called Pentapetalae, comprising all the remaining core eudicots. [12] The Pentapetalae can be then divided into three clades: [citation needed]
Aside from cotyledon number, other broad differences have been noted between monocots and dicots, although these have proven to be differences primarily between monocots and eudicots. Many early-diverging dicot groups have monocot characteristics such as scattered vascular bundles, trimerous flowers, and non-tricolpate pollen. [5] In addition ...
It is given this name in eudicots because most plants from this group have two cotyledons, giving the embryo a heart shaped appearance. The shoot apical meristem is between the cotyledons. Stage IV, in the illustration above, indicates what the embryo looks like at this point in development. 5 indicates the position of the cotyledons.
The traditionally listed differences between monocots and dicots are as follows. This is a broad sketch only, not invariably applicable, as there are a number of exceptions. The differences indicated are more true for monocots versus eudicots. [35] [36] [37]
Description and uses Order [4] Type genus images Akaniaceae (turnipwood family) [18] Akania, from Greek for "bractless", possibly [18] [19] 2 genera, in the Himalayas, China, Southeast Asia and Australia [20] Trees with a mustard scent in the bark and flowers [18] Brassicales
The fruit is dry and dehiscent, when it is a capsule it shows loculicidal dehiscence. Regarding the interaction between pollen and pistil, pentapetalous plants have a gametophytic incompatibility system based on the RNAase system. [2] [8] Another anatomical characteristic of Pentapetalae is the presence of a closed root apical meristem.
In addition to its use in ecology, the term "forb" may be used for subdividing popular guides to wildflowers, [6] distinguishing them from other categories such as grasses, sedges, shrubs, and trees. [7]
The basal eudicots are a group of 13 related families of flowering plants in four orders: Buxales, Proteales, Ranunculales and Trochodendrales. [1] [a] Like the core eudicots (the rest of the eudicots), they have pollen grains with three colpi (grooves) or other derived structures, [4] and usually have flowers with four or five petals (sometimes multiples of four or five, sometimes reduced or ...