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A week after the liberation of Paris, women deemed collaborators with the Nazi regime, especially those who had been romantically or sexually involved with German men, were being punished in France with head shaving and were often paraded through the streets as a means of humiliation, before usually being sent to jail. The picture depicts one ...
A woman's head is shaved as punishment for collaboration horizontale.Montélimar area, August 1944.. Horizontal collaboration (French: Collaboration horizontale, collaboration féminine or collaboration sentimentale) referred to the romantic or sexual relationship many women in France had or allegedly had with members of the German occupation forces after the Fall of France in 1940.
The Rochambelles were the first women’s unit integrated into an armored division on the western front during World War II. A total of 51 women served in the First Company, 13th medical battalion of the French Second Armored Division from 1943 to 1945, and then some members continued on to Indochina.
Delphine Aigle, French Resistance member in Romilly-sur-Seine, honoured with a plaque on her home after the end of the War. While the CNR neglected to mention giving the vote to women in its programme of renewal in March 1944, Charles de Gaulle signed the order declaring women's suffrage for French citizens in Algiers, on April 2, 1944. The ...
Axis occupation of France: German occupation of France during World War II - 1940–1944 in the northern zones, and 1942–1944 in the southern zone. The Holocaust in France. Italian occupation of France during World War II - limited to border areas 1940–1942, almost all Rhône left-bank territory 1942-1943.
The liberation of France didn't finally end till the elimination of some pockets of German resistance along the Atlantic coast at the end of the war in May 1945. The gradual loss of all Vichy territory to Free France and the Allies by 1943. Militarily, the liberation of France was part of the Western Front of World War II.
As Dagmar Herzog writes in Sexuality In Europe: A Twentieth Century History, “There was more detailed discussion of the best techniques for enhancing female orgasm under Nazism than there would be in the far more conservative decade of the 1950s.” [4] The flip-side to liberalization for some was crackdowns on others. [4]
Women are allowed to vote for the first time. 13 November – Charles de Gaulle elected head of a French provisional government. 2 December – French banks (Banque de France, BNCI, CNEP, Crédit Lyonnais and Société Générale) are nationalized. 21 December – André Malraux is appointed minister of information by de Gaulle.