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Mongolian is the official national language of Mongolia, where it is spoken (but not always written) by nearly 3.6 million people (2014 estimate), [16] and the official provincial language (both spoken and written forms) of Inner Mongolia, where there are at least 4.1 million ethnic Mongols. [17]
*kʰ was spirantized to /x/ in Ulaanbaatar Khalkha and the Mongolian dialects south of it, e.g. Preclassical Mongolian kündü, reconstructed as *kʰynty 'heavy', became Modern Mongolian /xunt/ [13] (but in the vicinity of Bayankhongor and Baruun-Urt, many speakers will say [kʰunt]). [14]
For example, English has about 450 million native speakers but, depending on the criterion chosen, can be said to have as many as two billion speakers. [4] There are also difficulties in obtaining reliable counts of speakers, which vary over time because of population change and language shift.
In 1844, the Finnish philologist Matthias Castrén proposed a broader grouping which later came to be called the Ural–Altaic family, which included Turkic, Mongolian, and Manchu-Tungus (=Tungusic) as an "Altaic" branch, and also the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic languages as the "Uralic" branch (though Castrén himself used the terms "Tataric ...
The Mongolic language family has about 6 million speakers. The best-known member of this language family, Mongolian, is the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia and the Mongolian residents of Inner Mongolia, with an estimated 5.2 million speakers. [5] Geographic distribution of Mongolic languages
While there are different dialects of the Mongolian language as spoken by different subgroups of the Mongols (such as Chahars, Khorchin, and Kharchin) in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, there is a standardized Mongolian dialect in the region, including a standard written language and standard pronunciation, as opposed to the standard language of the state of Mongolia.
Mongolian is the official national language of Mongolia, where it is spoken by nearly 2.8 million people (2010 estimate), [83] and the official provincial language of China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where there are at least 4.1 million ethnic Mongols. [84]
The high frequency [citation needed] of haplogroup C2-M217 is consistent [citation needed] with the purported Mongolian origin of many of the Hazaras. [8] Modern Hazaras speak Hazaragi, one of the dialects of the Dari/Persian language. Same happened to the Aimaq people whom purported their descendancy through Borjigin and Barlas clans. [9] [10]