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Gold compounds are compounds by the element gold (Au). Although gold is the most noble of the noble metals , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] it still forms many diverse compounds. The oxidation state of gold in its compounds ranges from −1 to +5, but Au(I) and Au(III) dominate its chemistry.
The use of injected gold compound is indicated for rheumatoid arthritis. [4] Its uses have diminished with the advent of newer compounds such as methotrexate and because of numerous side effects. [4] The efficacy of orally administered gold is more limited than injecting the gold compounds. [5]
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Nitratoauric acid, hydrogen tetranitratoaurate, or simply called gold(III) nitrate is a crystalline gold compound that forms the trihydrate, HAu(NO 3) 4 ·3H 2 O or more correctly H 5 O 2 Au(NO 3) 4 ·H 2 O. [3] [2] This compound is an intermediate in the process of extracting gold. [4] In older literature it is also known as aurinitric acid. [5]
Triphenylphosphinegold(I) chloride is a popular stable precursor for a cationic gold(I) catalyst used in organic synthesis. [3] Typically, it is treated with silver(I) salts of weakly coordinating anions (e.g., X – = SbF 6 –, BF 4 –, TfO –, or Tf 2 N –) to generate a weakly bound Ph 3 PAu–X complex, in equilibrium with the catalytically-active species [Ph 3 PAu] + X – in solution.
Chloro(tetrahydrothiophene)gold(I), abbreviated (tht)AuCl, is a coordination complex of gold. Like the dimethyl sulfide analog , this compound is used as an entry point to gold chemistry. The tetrahydrothiophene ligand is labile and is readily substituted with other stronger ligands.
Due to the explosive tendency of this compound, industrial techniques for extracting and purifying gold compounds are very few. There was a novel biogas extraction of precious metals from scrapped electronics that worked very well, but the creation of fulminating gold and other precious metal amines limits its widespread use. [11]
Gold(I,III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Au 4 Cl 8. It is an example of a mixed valence compound as it contains gold in two oxidation states; square-planar gold(III) and almost linear gold(I). The compound, which is black, is photosensitive as well as air- and moisture-sensitive.