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Stress fractures most frequently occur in weight-bearing bones of the lower extremities, such as the tibia and fibula (bones of the lower leg), calcaneus (heel bone), metatarsal and navicular bones (bones of the foot). Less common are stress fractures to the femur, pelvis, sacrum, lumbar spine (lower back), hips, hands, and writs. Stress ...
Freiberg disease, also known as a Freiberg infraction, is a form of avascular necrosis in the metatarsal bone of the foot. It generally develops in the second metatarsal, but can occur in any metatarsal. Physical stress causes multiple tiny fractures where the middle of the metatarsal meets the growth plate.
In runners, march fracture occurs most often in the metatarsal neck, while in dancers it occurs in the proximal shaft. In ballet dancers, fracture mostly occurs at the base of the second metatarsal and at Lisfranc joints. This fracture always occurs following a prolonged stress or weight bearing, and the history of direct trauma is very rare.
A Jones fracture is a broken bone in a specific part of the fifth metatarsal of the foot between the base and middle part [8] that is known for its high rate of delayed healing or nonunion. [4] It results in pain near the midportion of the foot on the outside. [2] There may also be bruising and difficulty walking. [3] Onset is generally sudden. [4]
Somewhat more serious fractures which affect a joint, but with less than 2mm displacement and less than 25% of the area of the joint surface on the broken part, are generally also be treated with buddy taping and suitable shoes; the evidence on this treatment is not extensive. [8] Fractures with displacement at the break, including rotation ...
Non-surgical treatment is for extra-articular fractures and Sanders Type I intra-articular fractures, provided that the calcaneal weight-bearing surface and foot function are not compromised. Physicians may choose to perform closed reduction with or without fixation (casting), or fixation alone (without reduction), depending on the individual case.
Open fracture with extensive soft-tissue loss and periosteal stripping and bone damage. Usually associated with massive contamination. [14] [15] Will often need further soft-tissue coverage procedure (i.e. free or rotational flap) IIIC: Open fracture associated with an arterial injury requiring repair, irrespective of degree of soft-tissue injury.
Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a highly valuable imaging tool for the diagnosis of occult fractures. CT has several advantages including short acquisition time (compared to MRI), the ability to acquire volumetric and isotropic image data sets, the opportunity to reconstruct multiplanar reformations in any arbitrary plane, and excellent spatial resolution.