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[137] [138] Climate change affects the AMOC by making surface water warmer as a consequence of Earth's energy imbalance and by making surface water less saline due to the addition of large quantities of fresh water from melting ice – mainly from Greenland – and through increasing precipitation over the North Atlantic. Both of these causes ...
With wildfires and increased warming, scientists say the Arctic’s tundra is now a carbon source. The region had been a carbon sink for thousands of years (NOAA Climate.gov; Arctic Report)
The Arctic is rapidly changing from the climate crisis, with no "new normal," scientists warn. Wildfires and permafrost thaw are making the tundra emit more carbon than it absorbs.
Sea surface temperature difference between the decades 1960-1970 and 2010-2020 in degrees C. [1] Location of the Barents Sea in the Arctic Ocean. Atlantification is the increasing influence of Atlantic water in the Arctic. Warmer and saltier Atlantic water is extending its reach northward into the Arctic Ocean. [2]
This photograph, from a plane, shows a section of sea ice. The lighter blue areas are melt ponds, and the darkest areas are open water. As the Arctic continues receiving energy from the sun during this time, the land, which is mostly free of snow by now, can warm up on clear days when the wind is not coming from the cold ocean.
Ice shoves can be caused by temperature fluctuations, wind action, or changing water levels [3] and can cause devastation to coastal Arctic communities. Cyclical climate change will also play a role in the formation and frequency of ice shove events; a rise in global temperatures leads to more open water to facilitate ice movement.
The first ice-free days of the Arctic Ocean could occur as soon as the 2020s or 2030s — as many as 10 years earlier than previous projections.
[citation needed] This has led to increased precipitation extremes, and changes in fish stocks. [citation needed] Increased atmospheric temperatures due to global climate change cause strong south westerly winds to pile water up along the Norwegian coast. The pressure difference creates storm surges that have increased coastal flooding in ...