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Muscle atrophy leads to muscle weakness and causes disability. Disuse causes rapid muscle atrophy and often occurs during injury or illness that requires immobilization of a limb or bed rest. Depending on the duration of disuse and the health of the individual, this may be fully reversed with activity.
Corticosteroids often cause muscle weakness to some degree in patients. Symptoms are usually weakness of the proximal muscles, neck flexor, and in extreme cases, respiratory muscle weakness can also occur. [1] Corticosteroids have not only been found to cause some degree of muscle atrophy, but also a local or diffuse cell death.
Further causes of neuromuscular diseases are: Polymyositis. Inflammatory muscle disorders. Polymyalgia rheumatica (or "muscle rheumatism") is an inflammatory condition that mainly occurs in the elderly; it is associated with giant-cell arteritis (It often responds to prednisolone). [18] Polymyositis is an autoimmune condition in which the ...
Prognosis depends on the individual form of muscular dystrophy. Some dystrophies cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle function, which may result in severe physical disability and a life-threatening deterioration of respiratory muscles or heart. Other dystrophies do not affect life expectancy and only cause relatively mild impairment. [2]
Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes progressive muscle weakness due to muscle fiber disarray, death, and replacement with connective tissue or fat. [3] The voluntary muscles are affected first, especially those of the hips , pelvic area , thighs , calves .
Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue. It is a symptom of many diseases . The most common cause of acute myalgia is the overuse of a muscle or group of muscles ; another likely cause is viral infection , especially when there has been no injury .
Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness include muscle atrophy and deterioration of the skeleton (spaceflight osteopenia). [2] Other significant effects include a slowing of cardiovascular system functions, decreased production of red blood cells (space anemia), [3] balance disorders, eyesight disorders and changes in the immune ...
Degenerative disease is the result of a continuous process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time. [1] In neurodegenerative diseases, cells of the central nervous system stop working or die via neurodegeneration. An example of this is Alzheimer's disease. [2]