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Lithium grease in use. Lithium soap is a soap consisting of a lithium salt of a fatty acid. [1] [2] Sodium-based and potassium-based soaps are used as cleaning agents in domestic and industrial applications, whereas lithium soaps are used as components of lithium grease (white lithium).
Lithium-based grease has a dropping point at 190 to 220 °C (374 to 428 °F). However the maximum usable temperature for lithium-based grease is 120 °C. The amount of grease in a sample can be determined in a laboratory by extraction with a solvent followed by e.g. gravimetric determination. [6]
Lithium 12-hydroxystearate exhibits high oxidation stability and a dropping point up to around 200 °C. Most greases used today in motor vehicles, aircraft, and heavy machinery contain lithium stearates, mainly lithium 12-hydroxystearate. [1] Greases can be made with the addition of several different metallic soaps.
Lithium 12-hydroxystearate and other lithium-based fatty acids are important constituents of lubricating greases. In lithium-based greases, lithium carboxylates are thickeners. "Complex soaps" are also common, these being combinations of more than one acid salt, such as azelaic or acetic acid. [7]
Lithium and its compounds have several industrial applications, including heat-resistant glass and ceramics, lithium grease lubricants, flux additives for iron, steel and aluminium production, lithium metal batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. These uses consume more than three-quarters of lithium production.
Lithium stearate is a chemical compound with the formula LiO 2 C(CH 2) 16 CH 3. It is formally classified as a soap (a salt of a fatty acid ). Lithium stearate is a white soft solid, prepared by the reaction of lithium hydroxide and stearic acid .
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