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A finite-state machine can be used as a representation of a Markov chain. Assuming a sequence of independent and identically distributed input signals (for example, symbols from a binary alphabet chosen by coin tosses), if the machine is in state y at time n , then the probability that it moves to state x at time n + 1 depends only on the ...
An additive Markov chain of order m is a sequence of random variables X 1, X 2, X 3, ..., possessing the following property: the probability that a random variable X n has a certain value x n under the condition that the values of all previous variables are fixed depends on the values of m previous variables only (Markov chain of order m), and the influence of previous variables on a generated ...
One can obtain an addition chain for from an addition chain for by including one additional sum = +, from which follows the inequality () + on the lengths of the chains for and . However, this is not always an equality, as in some cases 2 n {\displaystyle 2n} may have a shorter chain than the one obtained in this way.
Initiated consolidated guidance of $2.52 to $2.72 per share for 2025 SPOKANE, Wash., Feb. 26, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Avista Corp. ( NYSE: AVA ) today announced financial results for 2024. Net income and earnings per diluted share for the fourth quarter and the year ended Dec. 31, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 are presented in the ...
In probability theory, a transition-rate matrix (also known as a Q-matrix, [1] intensity matrix, [2] or infinitesimal generator matrix [3]) is an array of numbers describing the instantaneous rate at which a continuous-time Markov chain transitions between states.
A kusarigama (Japanese: 鎖鎌, lit. "chain-sickle") is a traditional Japanese weapon that consists of a kama (the Japanese equivalent of a sickle or billhook) on a kusari-fundo – a type of metal chain (kusari) with a heavy iron weight (fundo) at the end. The kusarigama is said to have been developed during the Muromachi period.
The longest-lived isotope is 210 At, which has a half-life of 8.1 hours; the longest-lived isotope existing in naturally occurring decay chains is 219 At with a half-life of 56 seconds.
Tower defense is seen as a subgenre of real-time strategy video games, due to its real-time origins, [2] [3] even though many modern tower defense games include aspects of turn-based strategy. Strategic choice and positioning of defensive elements is an essential strategy of the genre.