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The first evidence of rice found in the Philippines dates to between 2025 BC and 1432 BC. [11] This taro-first model is only indirect evidence in favor of the cultivation of taro before the Austronesian-speaking people arrived in Southeast Asia and for the lateness of wet-rice agriculture in the Philippines and other parts of Island Southeast Asia.
Philippine provinces Annual Rice Production 2017. The Philippines is the 8th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice production. [28] The Philippines was also the world's largest rice importer in 2010. [29] In 2010, nearly 15.7 million metric tons of palay (pre-husked rice) were produced. [30]
The economic history of the Philippines is shaped by its colonial past, evolving governance, and integration into the global economy. Prior to Spanish colonization in the 16th century, the islands had a flourishing economy centered around agriculture, fisheries, and trade with neighboring countries like China, Japan, and Southeast Asia.
Masagana 99 was an agricultural program of then Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos to increase rice production among Filipino farmers. [1] [2] [3] The program was launched in 1973 at a time the country was experiencing a rice supply shortage.
The agrarian reform is part of the long history of attempts of land reform in the Philippines. [3] The law was outlined by former President Corazon C. Aquino through Presidential Proclamation 131 and Executive Order 229 on June 22, 1987, [4] and it was enacted by the 8th Congress of the Philippines and signed by Aquino on June 10, 1988.
CBFM in the Philippines emerged as a result of several driving forces including ‘forest and environmental degradation’ and ‘inequitable access to forest resources and benefits’. These can be attributed to the historically unsustainable forest management practices adopted by centralised governments.
In 1947, the agriculture department was renamed again as the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources by virtue of Executive Order No. 94. [6] The Bureau of Commerce, among others, was incorporated to the newly created Department of Commerce and Industry .
With its history of Spanish colonization, the Philippines is not environmentally nor economically equipped to overcome issues it is currently dealing with, such as natural disasters and climate change. This inability to recover exacerbates the problem, creating a cycle of environmental and economic devastation in the country.