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Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia. The geography of Mesopotamia, encompassing its ethnology and history, centered on the two great rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates.While the southern is flat and marshy, the near approach of the two rivers to one another, at a spot where the undulating plateau of the north sinks suddenly into the Babylonian alluvium, tends to separate them still more ...
The rivers provided the further benefits of fish, used both for food and fertilizer, reeds, and clay, for building materials. With irrigation, the food supply in Mesopotamia was comparable to that of the Canadian prairies. [60] A map of the Fertile Crescent including the location of ancient Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
The name Bayn al-Nahrayn found in Arabic (بين النهرين, "between the two rivers") is a near literal translation of the word Mesopotamia where the Arabic suffix ان-ān (used to indicate that the noun is dual) introduced another misnomer that Beth Nahrain specifically referred to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Mesopotamia was one of the earliest river valley civilizations: it started to form around 4000 BCE. The civilization was created after regular trading relationships started between multiple cities and states around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Mesopotamian cities became self-run civil governments.
Tigris river flows through Mosul, near the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh, which is a major settlement and hosts farmland in Upper Mesopotamia. The name al-Jazira has been used since the 7th century AD by Islamic sources to refer to the northern section of Mesopotamia, [citation needed] while the Lower Mesopotamia, also known as Sawād, is the southern part of Mesopotamia.
The Euphrates (/ juː ˈ f r eɪ t iː z / ⓘ yoo-FRAY-teez; see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia (lit. ' the land between the rivers ').
The plain between the two rivers is known as Mesopotamia. As part of the larger Fertile Crescent , it saw the earliest emergence of literate urban civilization in the Uruk period . For this reason, it is often described as a " Cradle of Civilization ".
Opis (Akkadian Upî or Upija/Upiya; Ancient Greek: Ὦπις) was an ancient Near East city near the Tigris, not far from modern Baghdad.The equivalence of Opis and Upi are now usually assumed but not yet proven.