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  2. Computer programming in the punched card era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming_in...

    A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...

  3. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python supports a wide variety of string operations. Strings in Python are immutable, so a string operation such as a substitution of characters, that in other programming languages might alter the string in place, returns a new string in Python. Performance considerations sometimes push for using special techniques in programs that modify ...

  4. PrintableString - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrintableString

    A PrintableString is a restricted character string type in the ASN.1 notation. It is used to describe data that consists only of a specific printable subset of the ASCII character set. According to the ASN.1 Specification of basic notation, [ 1 ] the character set of PrintableString can be expressed as:

  5. Punched card input/output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card_input/output

    A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards. A computer card punch is a computer output device that punches holes in cards. Sometimes computer punch card readers were combined with computer card punches and ...

  6. Signed overpunch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_overpunch

    The top three rows of the card are called zone punches, [3] and so numeric character data which may contain overpunches is called zoned decimal. In IBM terminology, the low-order four bits of a byte in storage are called the digit , and the high-order four bits are the zone . [ 4 ]

  7. Edit distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edit_distance

    More formally, for any language L and string x over an alphabet Σ, the language edit distance d(L, x) is given by [14] (,) = (,), where (,) is the string edit distance. When the language L is context free , there is a cubic time dynamic programming algorithm proposed by Aho and Peterson in 1972 which computes the language edit distance. [ 15 ]

  8. Edge-notched card - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge-notched_card

    A notched card showing two levels of notching. Edge-notched cards or edge-punched cards are a system used to store a small amount of binary or logical data on paper index cards, encoded via the presence or absence of notches in the edges of the cards. [1]

  9. Playing cards in Unicode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playing_cards_in_Unicode

    The Playing Cards block contains one emoji: U+1F0CF PLAYING CARD BLACK JOKER. [1] [2] The emoji presentation sequences refine and colorize the text presentation of the playing card suits. ♠︎♥︎♦︎♣︎ becomes ♠️♥️♦️♣️. This was done by appending the U+FE0F code point to the textual code points shown far above.