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Messier 81 is the largest galaxy in the M81 Group, a group of 34 in the constellation Ursa Major. [28] At approximately 11.7 Mly (3.6 Mpc ) from the Earth, it makes this group and the Local Group , containing the Milky Way , [ 28 ] relative neighbors in the Virgo Supercluster .
Messier 81, Messier 82, and NGC 3077 are all strongly interacting with each other. [5] Observations of the 21-centimeter hydrogen line indicate how the galaxies are connected. [ 6 ] The gravitational interactions have stripped some hydrogen gas away from all three galaxies, leading to the formation of filamentary gas structures within the group ...
Galaxy Type Distance from Earth Magnitude Group Membership Notes Diameter (ly) Millions of light-years Mpc M m - Milky Way: SBbc 0.0265 (to the galactic center) [2] 0.008 [2] −20.8 [1] n/a Local Group: Home galaxy of Earth. Barred spiral galaxy. 87,400 ly 1 Ursa Major III: 0.033 0.010 [3] +2.2 [3] 18.87 [3] [NB 1] Local Group: Satellite of ...
Most massive galaxy ESO 146-5 ~30×10 12 M Sun: Central galaxy in Abell 3827, 1.4 Gly distant. [143] [144] Most dense galaxy M85-HCC1: This is an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy [145] Least dense galaxy Most massive spiral galaxy ISOHDFS 27: 1.04 × 10 12 M Sun: The preceding most massive spiral was UGC 12591 [146] Least massive galaxy with globular ...
For example, Messier 1 is a supernova remnant, known as the Crab Nebula, and the great spiral Andromeda Galaxy is M31. Further inclusions followed; the first addition came from Nicolas Camille Flammarion in 1921, who added Messier 104 after finding Messier's side note in his 1781 edition exemplar of the catalogue.
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It achieved maximum light on May 11, reaching an apparent visual magnitude of 13.10 ± 0.05. [3] Based on the distance to this galaxy, the peak absolute magnitude of this supernova was −17.12 (V), which is underluminous by about 2.5 magnitudes compared to a typical Type Ia supernova. It also showed a more rapid decline in brightness, one of ...