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Frank Dance's helical model of communication was initially published in his 1967 book Human Communication Theory. [161] [162] [163] It is intended as a response to and an improvement over linear and circular models by stressing the dynamic nature of communication and how it changes the participants. Dance sees the fault of linear models as ...
Honeybees use dances to communicate—the round dance, the waggle dance, and the transitional dance. Depending on the species, the round dance is used to communicate that food is 20–30 m from the hive, the waggle dance that food is 40–90 m from the hive, and the transitional dance that food is at a distance in between. [10]
Schramm's model of communication was published by Wilbur Schramm in 1954. It is one of the earliest interaction models of communication. [1] [2] [3] It was conceived as a response to and an improvement over earlier attempts in the form of linear transmission models, like the Shannon–Weaver model and Lasswell's model.
A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components. [16] [8] [17] For example, James Watson and Anne Hill see Lasswell's model as a mere questioning device and not as a full model of communication. [10]
In regular face-to-face conversation, for example, there is usually no designated sender and receiver. Instead, both participants send and receive messages. This problem is partially resolved by interaction models, like Schramm's model. [5] [6] [9] For interaction models, communication is a two
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The Shannon–Weaver model is one of the earliest models of communication. [2] [3] [4] It was initially published by Claude Shannon in his 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". [5] The model was further developed together with Warren Weaver in their co-authored 1949 book The Mathematical Theory of Communication.