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The ideal vaginal microbicide would have the following characteristics: provide protection against infection not require application at the time of intercourse not harm the natural tissue [3] As of 2009, not harming natural tissue was the most troublesome aspect of development.
Results released in February 2009 from a clinical trial of PRO 2000 (Indevus Pharmaceuticals), a vaginal-microbicide gel (0.5%), sparked hope that it might provide modest protection against HIV. [22] The results of a larger trial released in December 2009 showed that PRO 2000 was safe as administered, but was ineffective in reducing the risk of ...
The trial involved 222 men, ages 18 to 50, who applied 5 milliliters of the gel (about a teaspoon) to each of their shoulder blades once per day. The second part of the two-part trial is still ...
Formulation methods include vaginal tablets, vaginal cream, vaginal gel, [4] vaginal suppository and vaginal ring. Medicines primarily delivered by intravaginal administration include vaginally administered estrogens and progestogens (a group of hormones including progesterone ), and antibacterials and antifungals to treat bacterial vaginosis ...
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Injection of medical polyurethane (MPU) to form a plug in the vas deferens resulted in azoospermia in 96% of men, though these result were seen 24 months after injection. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Studies on over 130 men following removal of the plug within five years showed successful restoration of fertility. [ 6 ]
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Nonoxynol-9 is a common ingredient of most vaginal and anal lubricants due to its spermicidal properties. A 2004 study found that over a six-month period, the typical-use failure rates for five nonoxynol-9 vaginal contraceptives (film, suppository, and gels at three different concentrations) ranged from 10% to 20%.