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Historian Simon Keynes states, for example, that "Offa was driven by a lust for power, not a vision of English unity; and what he left was a reputation, not a legacy." [ 2 ] This refers to a period in the late 8th century when Offa achieved a dominance over many of the kingdoms of southern England, but this did not survive his death in 796.
James VI ruled in England as James I after what was known as the "Union of the Crowns". James I & VI became the first monarch to style himself "King of Great Britain" in 1604. [239] For the history of the British monarchy after 1603, see History of monarchy in the United Kingdom.
There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707.England and Scotland had been in personal union since 24 March 1603; while the style, "King of Great Britain" first arose at that time, legislatively the title came into force in 1707.
For centuries, English official public documents have been dated according to the regnal years of the ruling monarch.Traditionally, parliamentary statutes are referenced by regnal year, e.g. the Occasional Conformity Act 1711 is officially referenced as "10 Ann. c. 6" (read as "the sixth chapter of the statute of the parliamentary session that sat in the 10th year of the reign of Queen Anne").
The following is a simplified family tree of the English, Scottish, and British monarchs. For more-detailed charts see: Family tree of English monarchs, from Alfred the Great and Æthelstan to James VI and I; Family tree of Scottish monarchs, from Kenneth MacAlpin also to James VI and I; Family tree of Welsh monarchs; and
The British monarch was the nominal head of the vast British Empire, which covered a quarter of the world's land area at its greatest extent in 1921. The Balfour Declaration of 1926 recognised the evolution of the Dominions of the Empire into separate, self-governing countries within a Commonwealth of Nations .
See Family tree of English monarchs, Family tree of Scottish monarchs, and Family tree of Welsh monarchs. This also includes England, Scotland and Wales; all part of the United Kingdom as well as the French Norman invasion. For a simplified view, see: Family tree of British monarchs.
The English Civil War began (see timeline of the English Civil War). 1649: January: Trial and execution of Charles I: 1649: Interregnum began with the First Commonwealth. 1650 4 November William III, the future king of England (r. 1689-1702), is born to parents William II of Orange and Mary of England. 1653–1659