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Dihydroxyacetone (/ ˌ d aɪ h aɪ ˌ d r ɒ k s i ˈ æ s ɪ t oʊ n / ⓘ; DHA), also known as glycerone, is a simple saccharide (a triose) with formula C 3 H 6 O 3. DHA is primarily used as an ingredient in sunless tanning products. It is often derived from plant sources such as sugar beets and sugar cane, and by the fermentation of glycerin.
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[1] [2] The simplest ketose is dihydroxyacetone ((CH 2 OH) 2 C=O), which has only three carbon atoms. It is the only ketose with no optical activity . All monosaccharide ketoses are reducing sugars , because they can tautomerize into aldoses via an enediol intermediate, and the resulting aldehyde group can be oxidised , for example in the ...
D-Glyceraldehyde is an aldotriose because the carbonyl group is at the end of the chain Dihydroxyacetone is a ketotriose because the carbonyl group is the center of the chain.. A triose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar, containing three carbon atoms.
The stereochemical configuration can only be determined from the chemical structure, whereas the optical rotation can only be determined empirically (by experiment). It was by a lucky guess that the molecular D- geometry was assigned to (+)-glyceraldehyde in the late 19th century, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography in 1951.
Aldolase B is a homotetrameric enzyme, composed of four subunits with molecular weights of 36 kDa with local 222 symmetry. Each subunit has a molecular weight of 36 kDa and contains an eight-stranded α/β barrel, which encloses lysine 229 (the Schiff-base forming amino acid that is key for catalysis).
The structure of TPI facilitates the conversion between dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP). The nucleophilic glutamate 165 residue of TPI deprotonates the substrate, [4] and the electrophilic histidine 95 residue donates a proton to form the enediol intermediate.
It undergoes rapid polymerization, including forming a hemiacetal cyclic dimer.Under alkaline conditions, it undergoes a rapid aldol condensation.. Hydroxyacetone can be produced by degradation of various sugars.