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Gattermann reaction. The Gattermann reaction (also known as the Gattermann formylation and the Gattermann salicylaldehyde synthesis) is a chemical reaction in which aromatic compounds are formylated by a mixture of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminium chloride (AlCl 3). [1 ...
[1] [2] Ullman overview. Aryl-Aryl bond formation is a fundamental tool in modern organic synthesis, with applications spanning natural product synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and the development of commercial dyes and polyaromatics. With over a century of history, the Ullmann reaction has been one of the first to use a transition ...
Fajans' rules. In inorganic chemistry, Fajans' rules, formulated by Kazimierz Fajans in 1923, [1][2][3] are used to predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic, and depend on the charge on the cation and the relative sizes of the cation and anion. They can be summarized in the following table: Thus sodium chloride (with a low ...
RSC ontology ID. RXNO:0000155. The Finkelstein reaction, named after the German chemist Hans Finkelstein, [ 1 ] is a type of S N 2 reaction (Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular reaction) that involves the exchange of one halogen atom for another. It is an equilibrium reaction, but the reaction can be driven to completion by exploiting the ...
Law of dilution. Wilhelm Ostwald ’s dilution law is a relationship proposed in 1888 [1] between the dissociation constant Kd and the degree of dissociation α of a weak electrolyte. The law takes the form [2] Where the square brackets denote concentration, and c0 is the total concentration of electrolyte. Using , where is the molar ...
Dr. Dinesh Prasad Saklani is the director of NCERT since 2022. [2] In 2023, NCERT constituted a 19-member committee, including author and Infosys Foundation chair Sudha Murthy, singer Shankar Mahadevan, and Manjul Bhargava to finalize the curriculum, textbooks and learning material for classes 3 to 12. [4]
Appearance. In organic chemistry, the Ei mechanism (Elimination Internal/Intramolecular), also known as a thermal syn elimination or a pericyclic syn elimination, is a special type of elimination reaction in which two vicinal (adjacent) substituents on an alkane framework leave simultaneously via a cyclic transition state to form an alkene in a ...
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.