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Riboswitch-controlled formation of rho-independent transcription termination hairpins leads to premature transcription termination. Riboswitch-mediated folding sequesters the ribosome-binding site, thereby inhibiting translation. The riboswitch is a ribozyme that cleaves itself in the presence of sufficient concentrations of its metabolite.
The TPP riboswitch, also known as the THI element and Thi-box riboswitch, is a highly conserved RNA secondary structure. It serves as a riboswitch [1][2] that binds thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) directly and modulates gene expression through a variety of mechanisms in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. [3][4][5] TPP is the active form of thiamine ...
The riboswitch functions by directly sensing a physiological signal. [10] Next, a specific uncharged tRNA binds to a riboswitch element in the transcript, and a structural change occurs in the transcript that promotes expression of the downstream coding sequence. [2] [10] The specifier sequence is the first recognition sequence in the leader. [7]
Ronald R. Breaker (born 1964) is an American biochemist who is a Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology at Yale University. He is best known for the discovery of riboswitches. His current research is focused on understanding advanced functions of nucleic acids, including the discovery and analysis of riboswitches ...
A purine riboswitch is a sequence of ribonucleotides in certain messenger RNA (mRNA) that selectively binds to purine ligands via a natural aptamer domain. [1] This binding causes a conformational change in the mRNA that can affect translation by revealing an expression platform for a downstream gene, or by forming a translation-terminating stem-loop.
Ribozyme. 3D structure of a hammerhead ribozyme. Ribozymes (ribo nucleic acid en zyme s) are RNA molecules that have the ability to catalyze specific biochemical reactions, including RNA splicing in gene expression, similar to the action of protein enzymes. The 1982 discovery of ribozymes demonstrated that RNA can be both genetic material (like ...
Glycine riboswitch. The bacterial glycine riboswitch is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist of two metabolite-binding aptamer domains with similar structures in tandem. The aptamers were originally thought to cooperatively bind glycine to regulate the expression of downstream genes.
PDBe. The fluoride riboswitch (formerly called the crcB RNA motif) is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics in a wide variety of bacteria and archaea. [1] These RNAs were later shown to function as riboswitches that sense fluoride ions. [2] These "fluoride riboswitches" increase expression of downstream genes when fluoride ...