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Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research. A Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries gave examples of policy definitions. In Denmark, scientific misconduct is defined as "intention [al ...
More research by McEuen, Sohn, Loo, and other physicists revealed a number of examples of duplicate data in Schön's work. McEuen gathered the six most convincing pieces of evidence regarding Schön's fabrication of data he could find, and sent it to Schön, John A. Rogers, Bertram Batlogg, and editors from the journals Science and Nature.
The Sokal affair, also called the Sokal hoax, [ 1 ] was a demonstrative scholarly hoax performed by Alan Sokal, a physics professor at New York University and University College London. In 1996, Sokal submitted an article to Social Text, an academic journal of cultural studies. The submission was an experiment to test the journal's intellectual ...
Scientific controversy. Sustained scientific debate, sometimes scientific controversy[1] or persistent disagreement, [2] is any a substantial disagreement among scientists. A scientific controversy may involve issues such as the interpretation of data, which ideas are most supported by evidence, and which ideas are most worth pursuing.
The Hwang affair, [ 1 ] or Hwang scandal, [ 2 ] or Hwanggate, [ 3 ] is a case of scientific misconduct and ethical issues surrounding a South Korean biologist, Hwang Woo-suk, who claimed to have created the first human embryonic stem cells by cloning in 2004. [ 4 ][ 5 ] Hwang and his research team at the Seoul National University reported in ...
Unethical human experimentation. Unethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics. Such practices have included denying patients the right to informed consent, using pseudoscientific frameworks such as race science, and torturing people under the guise of research.
This has led to glaring omissions of key participants in awarded researches: as an example see below the case of the 2008 Nobel Prize for Physics, or the case of the Atlas/CMS Collaboration that produced the scientific papers that documented the Higgs boson discovery and included a list of researchers filling 15 single-spaced pages. [27] [28] [29]
Psychosurgery. 1880s. Psychosurgery (also called neurosurgery for mental disorder) has a long history. During the 1960s and 1970s, it became the subject of increasing public concern and debate, culminating in the US with congressional hearings. Particularly controversial was the work of Harvard neurosurgeon Vernon Mark and psychiatrist Frank ...